They could no longer refer to Islam in merely the framework of Iman and Amal. They invented a completely new term aqeeda (creed) that evolved into a robust discourse and became the faultline for Muslims in terms of their dogmas and doctrines. Gradually, orthodox Muslim scholars had to respond to such divisive and speculative discourses, and found reference to Iman inadequate. However, while to the first generation since the Prophet (s) Iman was embraced with some simple essentials, in about three centuries due to many influences, internal and external, Muslim began indulging in philosophical discourses that were highly speculative and conjectural. That’s the way it is presented in the Qur’an and through Sunnah/hadith. A Muslim is identified as such by the affirmation of his or her Iman (faith) and Islam places a balanced emphasis on Iman and Amal (practice) on the one hand and God’s mercy on the other.
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